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from japanese to english

口寂しい

n. | (くちさびしい | kuchisabishii)

Japanese

When you eat or crave food not because of hunger but simply because you're mouth is lonely.

Etymology: 口 (くち:kuchi) "mouth" + 寂しい (さびしい:sabishii) "lonely"

Tapas

n. pl. | (ˈtapas)

Spanish

Plural of tapa, a small snack or appetizer served in Spain; colloquially a style of cuisine in which many tapas are shared.

Etymology: from tapa ("lid").
  • Several legends claim to originate tapas:
  • in Andalusian taverns: the alleged use of a dish or piece of bread or meat as a cover for one's cup to keep flies from falling into the drink.
  • King Alfonso XIII visits the blustery, coastal city of Cadiz and finds charming a barman's use of a piece of ham to prevent sand from blowing into the monarch's drink.
  • King Felipe III orders that all wine be served with a lid and bits of food to discourage drunkenness in sailors and soldiers.
  • Tapas were used as an alternative to the main midday meal for workers, who needed some sustainance for farm labor but whose work in the heat would not allow them to stomach a heavy lunch.

Lapidary

adj. | (ˈlapəˌderē)

English

a) Words engraved in stone, or a phrase cutting and concise enough to be worthy of engraving.
b) Relating to the art of engraving or cutting into rock or gemstones.

Etymology: from lapidarius (Latin: "stonecutter") < lapis ("stone").

Laconic

adj. | (ləˈkɒnɪk)

Greek/English

Of few words; terse; bare; Spartan.

Etymology: from Greek Λακωνικός < Λάκων meaning Laconian, or in the style of the Spartans (a.k.a Lacadæmonians).
  • Laconia was an ancient administrative region of Greece governed by the city Sparta. Spartans were known for austerity, severity, and plainness (of speech and lifestyle).

Ostensor

n. | (ˌɒ'stɛnsɔːr)

Latin

A person whose job is to point at parts of the body (of mortal or immortal variety).

Etymology: from ostend (to show, to reveal). Cognate with 'ostensible.'
  • Medieval anatomy classes involved three non-student players: the lector (professor, who reads from the book of anatomy during the dissection of a cadaver), the sector (who performs the dissection), and the ostensor.
  • An ostesnsorium is a platform or transparent case used to display the Host to the congregation gathered at mass (Roman Catholicism).

Blimey

interj. | (ˈblʌɪmi)

British English

Used to express surprise or exasperation.

Etymology: Likely a contraction of "[God] blind me!" or "Blame me!", 'blame' once functioning as a more polite version of oaths like 'damn.'

Disaster

n. | (dəˈzæstər)

English

1) Something that has played out very badly; a catastrophe.
2) An unlucky star (astrology)
3) A disease, disorder, or illness (obsolete)

Etymology: from Italian disastro = dis- (prefixed to give a sense of 'undoing' or 'spoiling') + astro ("star"); essentially, "a spoiled or misaligned star"

Sitzfleisch

n. | (ˈsitsˌflīSH)

German

a) Buttocks
b) The ability to persevere at a particular task for a long time.

Etymology: from German sitzen ("to sit") + Fleisch ("flesh") = "sitting flesh"

Quark

n. | (kwärk)

English

An elementary particle out of which other subatomic particles, such as protons and neutrons, are made.

Etymology: coined in 1963 by physicist Murray Gell-Mann, who was initially undecided about the spelling for the particle he wanted to be pronounced 'kwork.' He then came across the word in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake-- "Three quarks for Muster Mark!"-- and found the synergy between Joyce's three quarks and the three 'charges' of quarks known at the time in physics serendipidous.
  • Quarks come in three basic 'charges' and six types, or flavors: up, down, charm, strange, top, and bottom.

Circadian

adj. | (sərˈkādēən)

English

Relating to the length of a day.

Etymology: from Latin; combination of circa ("around") + dia ("day") = approximately one day.

Teletubby-zurückwinker

n. | ()

German

Someone who waves back at Telletubbies, i.e., someone who is not very bright.

Etymology: Teletubby + zurück ("back") + winker ("to wink/wave")

Hysteria

n. | (hɪˈstɛɹiə)

English

A condition of uncontrolable, extreme emotion and/or irrationality.

The term is highly gendered and disporportionately used to describe women and female behavior.

Etymology: from Greek hystera for "womb."
  • As early as 1900 BCE, hysteria was thought to be a disorder of an unruly "wandering womb" in women who either refused to have children or were unable to do so. In the 18th and 19th centuries, however, the term carried connotations of female promiscuity.
  • Until the mid-twentieth century, female hysteria was considered a legitimate mental disorder.

Leech

n & v. | (liːt͡ʃ)

English

a) (n1.) A hematophagous (blood-feeding) parasitic worm belonging to class Hirudinea.
b) (n2.) A person who is parasitic upon the good will of others.
c) (v1.) The act of sucking out (blood, resources, etc.)
d) (n3.) (obselete) a physician.
e) (v2.) (obselete) to heal.

Etymology: Though medical leeches were once commonly used by physicians for healing purposes, the animal form of the word (sensu a)—from Old English lǽce and Middle Dutch lake—and the obselete medical forms (sensu d & e) likely have seperate, convergent origins. The latter medical terms derive from Proto-Germanic *lekjaz or Old Irish líaig, both of which mean "enchanter, healer, doctor."
  • "Leech" was the most common English term for a physician before Latinate "doctor" came into popular use between the 14th and 16th centuries.
  • Some would argue that occasionally doctors are still "leeches" (sensu b).
  • Not to be confused with the homophonous noun & verb "leach."

Harmony

n. | (ˈhɑɹ.mə.ni)

English

In agreement, alignment, and balance; of musical chords, interpersonal relationships, etc.

Etymology: from Latin and earlier Greek harmonia < Greek harmos (modern derivative: αρμός) meaning "a joint, hinge, or other fitting together" in a structural sense. Cognate with Greek arthron, the anatomical word for "joint," and the root of the medical prefix "arthro-" found in arthritis and arthropod. Origin traces back to the Proto-Indo-European root ar- ("to fit together") which gives rise to words like arm, art, armor, and—rather adorably—armadillo.

Lunacy

n. | (ˈluː.nə.si)

English

State of periodic insanity, mental illness, or lack of sense.

Etymology: from the Latin lunaticus ("moon-like") < luna ("moon"); likely relating the periodicity of mental episodes to the cyclicty of the moon.
  • The moon features in the etymologies of analagous terms in other languages, e.g. Old English monseoc ("moon-sick") and the Greek selēniazomai ("epileptic", from selēnē, meaning "moon").
  • Derived term: "balloonacy": a fanaticism for hot-air balloons

Mesmerize

v. | (ˈmez.mə.raɪz)

Franco-English

To transfix; to hypnotize; to hold in rapt attention.

Etymology: from the antiquated psychotherapeutic technique "mesmerism" (from French mesmérisme) invented by the German 18th century physician F. A. Mesmer.
  • Mesmerism (a.k.a animal magnetism) theorized that all life posesses magnetic force that can be channeled for healing purposes via an induced trance-like state in patients. Though popular in the 19th century, it has since been debunked.

Formication

n. | (fɔɹmɪˈkeɪʃən)

English

The sensation of insects crawling on skin. A form of psycosomatic parasthesia that, in extreme cases, can give rise to delusional parasitosis.
(NB: Not to be confused with fornication.)

Etymology: from formica (Latin: "ant").

Fornication

n. | (fɔɹnɪˈkeɪʃən)

English

Sexual intercourse (connotation of illicitness or unlawfulness).

Etymology: from Latin fornix, which carried two meanings: one being an "arch" and the other being a "brothel"--something usually found in arched underground cellars. The latter meaning gives "fornication" its illicit connotation.

Eigengrau

n. | (ˈʔaɪ̯gŋ̍ˌgʁaʊ̯)

German

The "intrinsic grey" color one sees in the absence of light.

Etymology: fusion of eigen ("own," "intrinsic") + grau ("grey").

Hoʻoponopono

v. & n. | (ho.ʔo.po.no.po.no)

Hawaiian

The act (v.) and practice (n.) of rectification and forgiveness traditional in Hawaii (and many Polynesian cultures.)

Etymology: From verb-modifier Ho'o- and the noun pono, meaining "goodness," "morality," or "correctness."

Dumbledore

n. | (ˈdʌm.bəl.dɔː)

Middle English

A bumblebee.

Etymology: Archaic term for the fuzzy insect from the Middle English dumble (onomatopoeic) + dor, "bee" or "beetle."
  • Namesake of Professor Albus Dumbledore, headmaster of Hogwarts in J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series.

  • Thomas Hardy's poem "An August Midnight" (1899) uses the term:
    A shaded lamp and a waving blind,
    And the beat of a clock from a distant floor:
    On this scene enter--winged, horned, and spined--
    A longlegs, a moth, and a dumbledore;

Linnupete

n. | (ˈlinupɛtə)

Estonian

A small bite of food one takes just before going out; a morsel, snack, or light morning meal (separate from breakfast).

Etymology: linnu ("of a bird") + pete ("deceit," "trick") = "bird-trick"
  • From the Estonian superstition that, during migratory seasons, one should eat a bite of bread before going outside or one will be tricked/cheated by the first bird one sees.

Hiányérzet

n. | (ˈhijaːɲeːrzɛt)

Hungarian

The feeling that you're missing something (yet you can't quite pinpoint what it is that's missing).
e.g., something lacks in the food you're eating; you leave the house but feel you've forgotten something; a film or book is almost good

Etymology: hiány ("lack," "absence") + érzet ("feeling," "sensation")

n. | (ma)

Japanese

(Aesthetics) Perceived empty space; a noticed silence; a felt pause.
i.e., The interval of silence between two musical notes or claps of the hands; negative space in art.

Etymology: derived from the Chinese characters 日 (rì: "sun") nested within 門 (mén: "door"), representing the gap of an open door through which sunlight shines.

Second

n. | (ˈsɛkənd)

English

A unit of time equivalent to one sixtieth of a minute.

Etymology: origin in Medieval Latin secunda, a shorthand for secunda pars minuta, or "the second smaller part (of an hour)"
  • Seconds were only one of a continuum of divisions of time that was measured by hours, minutes, seconds, thirds, fourths, etc.

Amethyst

n. & adj. | (ˈæm.ə.θɪst)

English

A purple variety of quartz gemstone (or the purple color associated with it).

Etymology: from Greek αμέθυστος (amethystos) < a- ("not") + methysko ("intoxicate"), meaning "anti-intoxicant."
  • As the gemstone's name testifies, Ancient Greeks belived that amethyst prevented drunkenness, and thus carved drinking vessels out of it.


Serendipidy

n. | (ˌsɛɹ.ənˈdɪp.ɪ.ti)

When a series of chance events collide to produce a wonderful, lucky, and/or unexpected outcome.

Etymology: from Serendip, the classical Persian/obsolete English name for the country now known as Sri Lanka.
  • Origins in the Persian fairy tale about the "Three Princes of Serendip," iterations /translations of which found their way into the English language.
  • Coined in 1754 by Horace Walpole, who wrote to a friend of the "Three Princes" and they way they were "always making discoveries, by accidents and sagacity, of things which they were not in quest of."

Chess

n. | (t͡ʃɛs)

English

A two-player board game of 32 pieces on a 64-square board.

Etymology: English name (Middle English: chesse) from Old French eschés, which itself is the plural of eschec: the related (but very different) game of "checkers."

Alibi

n. | (ˈæl.ə.baɪ)

Latinate English

A defense wherein one provides evidence of having been in another place while an act (of which one is accused) was committed.

Etymology: from Latin alibi meaning "elsewhere"; form of alius (English: alias), "different, other," both derived from Proto-Indo-European root al- meaning "beyond."

Decide

v. | (dɪˈsaɪd)

English

To make a decision; settle on one option.

Etymology: from Latin decidere = de ("off") + caedere ("cut, sever").
  • suffix -cide cognate with other words for various forms of killing off, e.g., homocide, regicide, patricide, suicide, pesticide, etc.

Hilum

n. | (ˈhaɪ.ləm)

Latin

The "navel" of a seed or bean; the point at which the grain connects to the stalk.
(i.e., the 'eye' of a black-eyed pea)

Etymology: translated literally from Latin, a "little thing" or "trifle."

Broadcast

n. & v. | (ˈbɹɔːdkɑːst)

English

a) (n1.) A material, sound, or idea being spread widely.
b) (n2.) (popularly) A program aired via radio or TV.
c) (v.) The act of spreading over long distances itself.

Etymology: from broad + cast; sense of "cast" originally from agricultural practices of "casting" (i.e. sowing) seeds over a large area of land/field.

Slogan

n. | (ˈsləʊgən)

English

A short, memorable catchphrase.

Etymology: from Irish/Scots Gaelic sluagh-ghairm meaning "battle cry," or, "cry of a crowd."

Schwachstark­tastenkasten

n. | (ʃvaxʃtaɐ̯ktastənkastən)

German

A pianoforte (rarely ever used, obsolete).

Etymology: One of Ludwig Van Beethoven's less elegant inventions; trying to coin a term for the new 18th-century 'pianoforte,' Beethoven amalgamated the German for "soft," "loud," "keys," and "case."

Tannin

n. | (ˈtænɪn)

English

Class of plant-derived compounds, broadly characterized by their polyphenolic structure, astringent taste, and dark brown color.

Etymology: tanner (Anglo-Norman: "to tan") < tannum (Latin: "oak bark") < tan (Proto-Celtic: "oak")
  • Tannins give tea, wine, chocolate, barks, nuts, and fruit skins their slightly bitter/astringent taste.
  • Tannins are toxic if consumed in excess as they tend to bind proteins and other essential macromolecules. Injesting too many acorns or persimmons, for instance, can cause clogging of the gastrointenstinal tract and malnutrition.
  • Treating leather with tannins from oak/tree barks ('tanning') and the resultant hue, 'tan,' share a root with the responsible compounds.

Pontificate

v. & n. | (pɒnˈtɪf.ɪ.keɪt / -ət)

English

a) (v.) to speak or express an opinion in a pompous or patronizing manner.
b) (n.) a person acting as a pontiff or presiding priest.

Etymology: from Latin pontifex ("high priest") < pons ("bridge") + facere ("to make/ to build") = "bridge builder"

Guy

n. | (ɡʌɪ)

English

Ambiguous term by which to refer to a man or group of people (when used in plural). Formerly a word for a disheveled-looking man (archaic).

Etymology: Archaic derogatory slang from Guy Fawkes (see notes) lost its negative and strictly gendered connotations over time. Co-opted in US as a common generic term in the mid 1800s.
  • The origin of 'guy' may date to the Gunpowder Plot of November 5, 1605, when the word's namesake, Guy Fawkes, was one among a group of English Catholics involved in a failed conspiracy to blow up the British Parliament building. The 5th of November is now a national holiday in the UK featuring fireworks and during which effigies of Guy Fawkes (called 'Guys') are burned, commonly to the chant: "Remember, remember, the 5th of November."
  • Post-1605, the name 'Guy' was imbued with animosity and anti-Catholic sentiment. It transformed briefly into derogatory slang in British English.

Bonbon

n. | (ˈbɒnbɒn)

French

A candy, confection, or other small sweet treat.

Etymology: duplication of French bon meaning "good," as by a small child.

Mediocre

adj. | (ˌmēdēˈōkər)

English

so-so; middle-rate; unremarkable.

Etymology: from médiocre (French) < Latin mediocris < medius ("middle") + ocris ("jagged peak", "mountain"); literally: "half way up the mountain."

马马虎虎

adj. & exp. | (mǎmǎhūhū : mamaho͞oho͞o)

Chinese

(idiomatic) So-so; mediocre; sloppy.

Etymology: Literally, "horse-horse-tiger-tiger." Precise origin unknown, but a popular fable traces the beginnings of the phrase to a painter whose painting skills were so unremarkable that his friends could not tell whether he was painting a tiger or a horse.

Algebra

n. | (ˈaljəbrə)

English

Study of mathematical expressions involving variables

Etymology: from Arabic الجبر (al-jabr: "reunion of broken parts," alternatively "bonesetting") < al ("the") + jabr ("restoration of what is missing or out of place")
  • The word made its way to Europe with the dissemination of the works of 9th century Persian mathematician al-Ḵwārizmī (namesake of "algorithm")

Peninsula

n. | (pəˈninsələ)

Latinate

An outjutting land mass surrounded by water on three sides.

Etymology: Latin portmanteau of paene ("almost") + insula ("island")

Fritinancy

n. | ('fɹɪtɪnænsɪ)

Latinate

Chirping or twittering (usually of grasshoppers and other insects, or young birds).

Etymology: from fritinnīre (Latin: "to twitter"), originally associated with the sounds made by little children

Nurdle

n. | (ˈnərːdəl)

English

a) The wavy blob of toothpaste squirted onto toothbrushes
b) Round particles of microplastic pollution (pea-sized or smaller) that accumulate over time in oceans and resist further degredation

Etymology: Unknown origin; use (a) speculated to have been coined by the American Dental Association in the 1990s to promote proper dental hygeine
  • Toothpaste titans Colgate and Glaxo (maker of Aquafresh) sued each other in 2010 over the rights to trademark a tri-color nurdle on their packaging. The official complaint filed by Colgate to the N.Y. District Court stated "If any oral care manufacturer were to be prohibited from using nurdle images on product packaging, that manufacturer would be at a competitive disadvantage" (see U.S.D.C S.D.N.Y Case 1:10-cv-05728-RJS). Serious stuff.

Husky

n. & adj. | (ˈhʌs.ki)

English

a) (adj.) (of an individual) tough, strong, burly
b) (adj.) (of the voice) raspy, hoarse, dry
c) (n.) an Arctic breed of long-haired cold-weather dog

Etymology: adjectival forms sensu (a) and (b) originally denote shared characteristics with dry, tough corn "husks."
The name of the husky dog breed (c) (formerly called "Eskimo dogs") comes from a shortening of Ehuskemay (Old Canadian English: "Eskimo")

Ascorbic

adj. | (əˈskɔːrbɪk)

Latinate

Having the capacity to ward off scurvy; most often seen in the chemical name for Vitamin C: ascorbic acid

Etymology: a- (Latin prefix: "off, away from") + scorbutic ("of scurvy") < scorbuticus ("scurvy") suspected to derive from skyrbjugr (Old Norse: "a swelling (bjugr) from drinking sour milk (skyr) on sea voyages")
  • Term coined in 1933 by biochemists Albert Szent-Györgyi and Walter Norman Hawthorn, who shared a Nobel Prize for their characterization of compound "C," a previously unnamed anti-scorbutic vitamin.
  • Vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy: a disease marked by swollen and bleeding tissues that was was , particularly prevalent among prouduce-deprived sailors until the late.

Orange

n. & adj. | (ˈɔɹ.ɪnd͡ʒ)

English

a) (n.) A sweet, acidic citrus fruit of the same color as its name (or the tree from which it comes) that arose from a hybrid cross between a pomelo and a mandarin somewhere in the Indian subcontinent.
b) (n.& adj.) A hue between red and yellow.
c) (n.) An ancient township within the region of Provence in southern France, established during the Roman-Celtic period.

Etymology: Name for color (b) comes from the fruit (a), whose name derives from नारङ्ग (Sanskrit: nāraṅga: "orange tree") > Dravidian root word naru ("fragrant"); variations in Persian and Arabic transform into Spanish naranja, which rebrackets to narange = une + arange < une orange (French) in European Romance languages. 'A' mutates to 'O' likely due to or (French: "gold").
The city of Orange sensu (c) has a seperate etymological lineage stemming from the town's Provençal name Aurenja < Arausio (early Celtic water god)
  • Prior to the 16th century, English had no unique term for the color orange. Chaucer describes it as the color "betwixe yelow and reed" (Nun's Priest's Tale) in Canterbury Tales ca. 1390s, and Old English employed the compound ġeolurēad "yellow-red" until well into the 1500s.

Foiseach

n. | (ˈfuiʃæx)

Irish

The long, overgrown grass that grows in patches of field or lawn that are more difficult to trim.

Etymology: foi (unknown Irish root) + seach (Irish: "beyond, aside")

Quarantine

v. & n. | (ˈkwɒrəntiːn)

English/Italian

A state of imposed isolation meant to slow or prevent the spread of contagious disease.

Etymology: quarentino < quaranta < quarentena (Latin & early Italian), meaning a ‘set of forty’ with respect to units of time (OED). Origins in:
  • Lent, and Jesus’ forty-day solitary fast in the desert
  • Venetian public health practice during the Bubonic Plague to force incoming ships to moor for forty days on the outskirts of the city before docking

Molasses

n. | (məˈlæsəz)

English

A dark, pungent, viscous, sticky, bitter-sweet liquid made from later distillations of sugar-cane syrup, after the product of the first distillation is rendered to make cane sugar.

Etymology: melaços (Portuguese) < mell (Latin: “honey”)+ –aceous = “honey-like”

    Quintessence

    n. | (kwɪnˈtɛsəns)

    English

    The perfect or purest part of something (person, place, object, or abstract concept) which characterizes or serves as an exemplar of that thing or idea.

    Etymology: [quinte (French) or quinta (Latin): “fifth”] + [essence (French) or essentia (Latin): “essence”] = “the fifth essence”
    • Origin in the ancient notion of classical elements: four “earthly” elements: fire, water, earth, and air plus a fifth heavenly element (Aristotle’s aether = ether)
    • The fifth element comprises the heavents and the stars; therefore, it must be the purest and most perfect of all substances

    Weird

    adj. & n. | (wɪrd)

    a) (adj.) strange, uncanny, out of the ordinary, supernatural, odd, inexplicable
    b) (adj.) having the ability to control fate
    c) (n.) fate or destiny

    Etymology: wyrd (Old English): “fate”
    • Fate-related use in another name for the three Fates/Furies in Greek and European lore (as well as the witches in Shakespeare’s Macbeth), who are also called the Weird Sisters

    Pandemonium

    n. | (ˌpændəˈməʊniəm)

    Latinate English

    A state of utter chaos and confusion, sometimes to refer to a place or situation which fosters vice

    Etymology: combination of pan- (Greek: “all”) + demon (Latin) + –ium = “all demons”
    • Coined by John Milton in Paradise Lost (1667) : the name given to the capital of Hell, the gathering-place of all devils

    Bedlam

    n. | (ˈbɛdləm)

    English

    A state of madness, chaos, and confusion. Also, a madhouse.

    Etymology: Bedlam (Middle English) = contraction of Bethlehem
    • Origin in the Hospital of St. Mary of Bethlehem in London (est. 1247), an asylum for the mentally-ill

    Tandsmør

    n. | (tansmœɒ)

    Danish

    Butter that is spread so thickly on a piece of bread that it bears tooth-marks after one has taken a bite.

    Etymology: tand (Danish: “tooth”) + smør (Danish: “butter”) = “tooth-butter”

      積ん読

      n. | (つんどく:tsundoku: t͡sɨ̃ᵝndo̞kɯ̟ᵝ)

      Japanese

      The habit of buying books that one means to read and letting them pile up, unread; a bibliophile’s disorder.

      Etymology: 積んでおく (tsunde oku : “to let pile up”) + 読 (doku : “to read”)
      • Originated as a pun on the contraction of 積んでおく (tsunde oku) > 積んどく(tsundoku) during the Meiji Era (1868-1912).

      锅巴

      n. | (guō bā : guɔ bɑ)

      Chinese

      The crispy, caramelized rice crust that forms at the bottom of the pan or pot.

      Etymology: 锅 (guō : “pot/pan”) + 巴 ( : “something that clings to”/ “to stick to”) = “pot clingings”

        麻辣

        n. | (má là : mɑ lɑ)

        Chinese

        The numbing spiciness which makes one’s tongue tingle (but not necessarily burn).

        Etymology: 麻 ( : “numb,” or “pins-and-needles”) + 辣 ( : “spiciness”)
        • Szechuan peppercorns possess this distinct numbing quality, and are added to dishes to create this unique culinary sensation

        Accismus

        n. | (əkˈsɪzməs)

        Greco-Latin

        The feigned refusal of that which is earnestly desired.

        Etymology: accismus (Latin) < ἀκκισμός (Greek: akkismós : “prudery”) < akkízesthai (“to feign ignorance”)

          Abbiòcco

          n. | (abˈbjɔkko)

          Italian

          The drowsiness that ensues after consuming a large meal.

          Etymology: abbioccarsi (v. “to collapse,” or “to curl up/crouch/snuggle/hatch”) < chioccia (n. “brooding hen”)

            Meriggiare

            v. | (merid’dʒare)

            Italian

            To rest outdoors in a shady spot during the hot midday hours.

            Etymology: merīdiare (Latin: “to take a mid-day nap”) < meridies (“noon”) < medius (“middle”) + diēs (“day”)

              Culaccino

              n. | (kul̺ätˈt͡ʃiːn̺o)

              Italian

              a) The terminal part of a sausage, salami, cucumber, bread loaf, etc.
              b) The dregs of liquid remaining at the bottom of a glass or bottle
              c) The ring of water left by the bottom of a wet glass or vessel

              Etymology: culo (“butt”) + –accio (pejorative ending) + –ino (diminutive ending)

                Attaccabottóni

                n. | (atːakːabo’tːoni)

                Italian

                A nuisance of a person who detains others against their will in drawn-out, vapid, tedious, or trivial conversation.

                Etymology: contraction of attaccare (“to attach”) + bottoni (“buttons”) = “attaches one’s buttons”
                • · Connotes an intrusiveness, assertiveness, and overfamiliarity on the part of the speaker which causes one to feel fettered, sequestered, and claustrophobic – as if they are fastening the buttons one one’s shirt/jacket
                • English cognate: buttonholer

                Ciofèca

                n. | (tʃofˈɛka)

                Italian

                A poorly made or bad-tasting beverage (e.g. a watery espresso). Often applied to coffee and its derivative drinks.

                Etymology: unknown

                  Salapùzio

                  n. | (salaput’tsjo)

                  Italian

                  A bitter, hostile, priggish man of diminutive stature.

                  Etymology: salaputium (Latin: “A tiny man”)

                    Gibigiana

                    n. | (dʒibidʒana)

                    Italian

                    a) The patterns of glinting light reflected by the surface of water, glass, or a mirror.
                    b) A woman who dresses in a style that is flashy or glittery, but not necessarily elegant or fashionable, in order to attract attention.

                    Etymology: unknown

                      Esprit de l’escalier

                      n. | (lɛspʁi d(ə l)ɛskalje)

                      French

                      The phenomenon wherein a witty remark or rejoinder comes to mind only just after the opportunity to make it has passed.

                      Etymology: esprit (“mind” or “wit”) + de l’escalier (“of the stairs”) = “staircase wit”
                      • Origin in French encyclopedist-philosopher Denis Diderot’s essay Paradox of the Actor (1778) in which Diderot describes being “overwhelmed by the argument levelled against him” at a dinner party, such that he could “only think clearly again at the bottom of the stairs.”

                      Dépaysement

                      n. | (de.pɛ.iz.mɑ̃)

                      French

                      The welcome or unpleasant feelings of displacement from one’s home and/or a departure from normalcy when in a new or foreign place.

                      Etymology: dépayser (“to move (s.o.) from one’s native place; to disorient”) + –ment (noun-from-verb-forming suffix)
                      • dépayser = dé- (negative prefix) + [pays (“land, country”) < païs (Old French) < pāgēnsis (Latin: “district inhabitant”) < pāgus (“countryside; district”)]

                      Flâner

                      v. | (flɑ.ne)

                      French

                      To wander or stroll about aimlessly.

                      Etymology: flaner (Norman) < flana (Old Norse: “to wander heedlessly or with no purpose”)
                      Derivatives include:
                      • Flânerie (n.): the activity of aimless strolling (often applied to wandering city streets); believed by writer Honoré de Balzac to be “the gastronomy of the eye”
                      • Flâneur (n.) [see next entry]

                      Flâneur

                      n. | (flɑnœʁ)

                      French

                      A stroller of city streets (usually a gentleman) who has no purpose other than to observe society and the urban life happening around them.

                      Etymology: flâner [see previous entry]
                      • A common literary figure featuring in 19th-century French writings
                      • e.g. Leopold Bloom, James Joyce’s Ulysses

                      Nostalgie de la boue

                      n. | (ˌnästälˌ(d)zhē də lə ˈbo͞o)

                      French

                      A yearning for or attraction to humbler living conditions and/or ways of life, lower-class culture, degradation, or depravity.

                      Etymology: nostalgie (“nostalgia”) < [nostos (Greek: “a return home”) + algos (Greek: “pain”)] + de la (“for the”) + boue (“mud”) = “nostalgia for the mud”

                        L’appel du vide

                        n. | (lapɛl dy vid)

                        French

                        The momentary, exhilarating, but morbid urge to jeopardize or end one’s life. i.e. the impulse to jump when standing at and looking over the edge of a high place.

                        Etymology: appel (“call,” “appeal,” “summons”) + vide (“void,” “emptiness”) = “the call of the void”
                        • Similar to Poe’s story/concept of The Imp of the Perverse (1845): the temptation to do things “merely because we feel we should not”

                        Crapoter

                        v. | (kʁa.pɔ.te)

                        French

                        To pretend to smoke; to puff without inhaling.

                        Etymology: unknown

                          Retrouvailles

                          n. | (ʁə.tʁu.vaj)

                          French

                          The feeling of joy upon reuniting (with someone or something) after a long time spent apart.

                          Etymology: retrouver (“to rediscover; to return to”) = re- + tropō (Latin: “I find”) < tropus (“trope”) < trópos (Ancient Greek: “trope,” “a turn”)

                            Vaccine

                            n. | (væk’sin)

                            English

                            Inactivated or dead microorganismal matter which is injected to provide acquired immunity to the infectious disease caused by the wild pathogen.

                            Etymology: vaccine (adj.) < vacca (Latin: “cow”) + –ine = “cow-like; derived from or relating to cows”
                            • Origin in the first modern vaccine, developed by Dr. Edward Jenner in 1798 against smallpox, using cowpox (Variolae vaccinae) as the less virulent inoculate

                            Gigil

                            n. | (gi.’gil)

                            Tagalog

                            A bodily manifestation of suppressing an overwhelming emotion (negative or positive) which involves the clenching or gritting of teeth, trembling, and tight gripping of hands.
                            Special application: intense glee at the sight of something cute which makes one want to squeeze, smother, or pinch the adorable person or thing (“cute aggression”)

                            Etymology: from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

                              O.K./Okay

                              adj. & adv. | (ˌoʊˈkeɪ)

                              English

                              All right; satisfactory; good; well; acceptable.

                              Etymology: acronym of oll korrect (intentional humorous misspelling of all correct)
                              • First appeared in American print and vernacular in 1830s
                              • Popularized by the 1840 reelection campaign of 8th U.S. President Martin Van Buren, who bore the political nickname of “Old Kinderhook,” the implication being that “Old Kinderhook was O.K.” or “all correct.” He lost.

                              Window

                              n. | (ˈwɪndoʊ)

                              English

                              An opening in a wall which permits light and air into a room and may afford a view (of and/or from the outdoors).

                              Etymology: vindr (Old Norse: “wind”) + auga (Old Norse/Icelandic: “eye”) = “wind eye”

                                Waft

                                v. & n. | (wɑft)

                                English

                                a) (v.) (of wind or water) to guide or carry a person, vessel, or scents from one place to another
                                b) (n.) a puff of (often scented) air or smoke carried by a breeze

                                Etymology: derived from wafter (n. an armed convoy vessel) < wachten (Dutch/Low German: “to guard”)

                                  Whiff

                                  n. | (hwɪf)

                                  English

                                  A faint smell or flavor; a puff of smoke or scent; a small inhale.

                                  Etymology: (speculated) weffe (Middle English: “unpleasant odor; foul taste”) – partly onomatopoeic. May have origins in waft [see previous entry]

                                    Tartle

                                    v. & n. | (tɑrtl)

                                    Scottish English

                                    To hesitate (v.) when uncertain of a person’s name, especially in the context of introducing someone whose name you have forgotten.
                                    Alternatively, the awkward moment of hesitation itself (n.)

                                    Etymology: tealtrian (Old English: “to stagger, totter; to be in an uncertain or precarious condition”), or startle < sterten (Old English: “to start”)

                                      Tartiner

                                      v. | (taʁ.ti.ne)

                                      French

                                      To spread something (butter, jam, honey, etc.) on a slice of bread.

                                      Etymology: tartine (n. a slice of bread topped with a spreadable accompaniment) = tarte (“tart, pie”) + –ine (diminutive ending)
                                      • tarte < torta pānis (Latin) < tortus (“twisted, spun, distorted”) + pānis (“bread”)

                                      Absquatulate

                                      v. | (əbˈskwɒtjᵿleɪt)

                                      English

                                      To abscond; to hurry off.

                                      Etymology: combination of abscond + squat (v.) + perambulate
                                      • 19th century U.S. origin

                                      Glaucous

                                      adj. | (ˈɡlɔːkəs)

                                      English

                                      Of a pale green or hazy bluish-grey color.
                                      Particularly, the delicate, powdery bloom covering the skins of fresh fruit (i.e. grapes, plumbs) or leaves.

                                      Etymology: glaukós (Greek: "bluish-green or grey")
                                      • Shares a root with glaucoma, so-named for the cloudy blue-grey haze that forms in the pupil as a result of the disease.

                                      Cyanide

                                      n. | (sʌɪənʌɪd)

                                      English

                                      A toxic ion (chemical symbol: CN-) whose derivative compounds have an odor of bitter almonds.

                                      Etymology: cyan < kyanos (Greek: "dark blue") + ide (suffix)
                                      • First isolated in 1815 by Gay-Lussac from the heating of the dye prussian blue, which is comprised of ferrocyanide salts.

                                      Procrastinate

                                      v. | (prə(ʊ)ˈkrastᵻneɪt)

                                      English

                                      To intentionally put-off or avoid one's work or responsibilities, usually by becoming preoccupied with other distracting activities.

                                      Etymology: prōcrāstināre (Latin): prō- ("forward") + crāstinus ("belonging to tomorrow") < cras ("tomorrow")

                                      Humility

                                      n. | (hjuːˈmɪlɪti)

                                      English

                                      The quality of being humble: lacking self-importance; showing virtuous deference to and respect for others.

                                      Etymology: humilis (Latin: "low, lowly") < humus (Latin: "ground, earth, soil")
                                      • Etymological sibling of "Humiliate": to bring someone lower. Contrast this to being "humble": lowering oneself.
                                      • See a resonant quote from Leonard Michaels' 1981 short story "My Father": "Get lower."

                                      Mass

                                      n. | (mas)

                                      English

                                      a) A liturgical gathering and/or piece of music to celebrate the Eucharist, in the Catholic sense
                                      b) Refering to a clump of matter or its quantity

                                      Etymology: (a) (Religious form) from missa (Latin: "Dismissal"), refering to the ecclesiastical dismissal at the end of: Is missa est: "It [mass] is dismissed/ended."
                                      (b) (Material form) from massa (Latin: "mass, lump, dough") < μᾶζα (Ancient Greek: mâza: "barley cake")

                                      Coffee

                                      n. | (ˈkɑfi)

                                      English

                                      A bean usually roasted and ground to infuse or brew a bitter, aromatic drink of the same name.

                                      Etymology: kahvey (Turkish (Ottoman Period)) < قهوة (Arabic: qahwah, originally "wine") < root: qhh (Proto Semitic: "dark")
                                      • Possibly related to قها (v. qahā: "to lack hunger") because of the drink's reputation as an appetite supressant
                                      • Could alternatively stem from قُوّة (n. quwwah: "power, energy, strength"), referencing coffee's stimulant effects

                                      Stadhan

                                      n. | ('staɪjɒn)

                                      Irish

                                      A flock of birds circling over water, usually signaling the presence of a shoal of fish below the surface.

                                      Etymology: unknown Irish origin

                                      Sturdy

                                      adj. | (ˈstɜrdi)

                                      English

                                      Steadfast, heavy, resolute, or immovable. (Obselete) Surly, impetuous, crude, or giddy

                                      Etymology: estourdi (Old French: "dazed, stunned, reckless") = étourdi (Modern French: "feather-brained, thoughtless") < ex- (Latin: prefix, "in the manner of") + turdus (Latin: thrush)
                                      • Original connotation of "dazed" and "giddy" thought to have been inspired by the tendancy for thrushes (genus: turdus) to eat fermented berries and occasionally become 'drunk' and discombobulated from the alcohol.

                                      손맛

                                      n. | (son-mat)

                                      Korean

                                      (a) The sensation of touching something by hand.
                                      (b) The unique taste, or spirit, of food made by a particular person (usually a mother), lovingly, by hand.

                                      Etymology: 손 (son: "hand") + 맛 (mat: "taste")